Menstrual cycle consists of 4 phases:
a) Follicular phase
b) Ovulation
c) Luteal phase
d) Menstruation
- Hypothalamus secretes GnRH(gonadotrophin releasing hormone).
- GnRH stimulates anterior pitituary gland to secrete FSH(follicle-stimulating hormone) & low levels of LH(luteinising hormone).
- FSH stimulates development of follicles in ovary. Only one follicle will mature to form Graafian follicle.
- Follicles secrete oestrogen.
- Oestrogen causes healing & repair of uterine lining. At low levels, secretion of FSH & LH are inhibited. At high levels, secretion of LH is stimulated, causing ovulation. Secondary oocyte is released into fallopian tube.
- LH stimulates convertion of empty follicle into corpus luteum & stimulate corpus luteum to produce oestrogen & progesterone.
- Both oestrogen & progesterone promotes thickening of endometrium/uterine lining to prepare for the implantation of blastocyst.
- Oestrogen & progesterone also inhibits secretion of FSH & LH. Development of new follicles is prevented.
- If fertilisation does not occur, corpus luteum degenerates. Oestrogen & progesterone decreases. Endometrium breaks down. Menstruation occurs.